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Examples of BPM + SOA joint work

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For OMG BPM/SOA Integration working group��

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FOR OMG BPM/SOA INTEGRATION WORKING GROUP EXAMPLES OF BP M + SOA JOINT WORK Dr Alexander Samarin www.samarin.biz

• top managers

• enterprise architects

• business line managers

• process owners

• super-users

• normal users

• project managers

• business analysts

• IT managers

• IT architects

• IT developers

• IT operators

The main problem of BPM and SOA – too many internal stakeholders 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Dynamic set of artefacts/assets/primitives

• Artefacts are interconnected and interdependent

• We have to anticipate potential changes:

• policies, compliance, technology, etc.

• Implementation of such changes necessitates the evolution of some artefacts and the relationships between them

• It must be easy to modify all artefacts and relationships without causing any unexpected side effects

System architecture view of an enterprise 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Different estimations of the development/maintenance life-cycle cost ratio

Enterprise business systems need to be adaptive 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work 95 % 5 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 20 % 1 – Estimated average in the IT industry 2 – A real scenario (governmental client) 3 – Estimated by an IT staff member maintenance development 1 3 2

• Who ( roles ) is doing What ( business objects ), When ( coordination of activities ), Why ( business rules ), How ( business activities ) and with Which Results ( performance indicators )

• Extra artefacts

• Events

• Audit trails

• Two types of business object

• data structures

• documents

Business processes are complex relationships between artefacts 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work BPM is a tool for improving enterprise business performance 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• BPM as a discipline (use processes to manage an enterprise)

• BPM as software:

• BPM suite (BPMS)

Any process-centric enterprise has some BPM, but how can we industrialise this BPM? A natural evolution of BPR, Lean, ISO 9001, 6 Sigma The aim is to have a single description of business processes: – model in design – input for project planning and execution – executable program for coordination of work – documentation for all staff members – basis for management decisions An enterprise portfolio of the business processes as well as the practices and tools for governing the design, execution and evolution of this portfolio A multitude of tools “handle” processes

• Definition

• architectural approach for constructing software-intensive systems from a set of universally interconnected and interdependent services ( operationally independent functional units )

• Advantages

• use of standard and pre-fabricated building blocks

• high level of system flexibility

• reducing complexity

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Services are considered to be explicitly-defined and operationally-independent units of functionality

• There is a formal description of the service provided between the service provider and the consumer

• Operational independence means that problems in one service do not affect the functioning of another service

• Implementation of services is not visible and does not need to be

Services and processes (1) Examples of BPM+SOA joint work 2010-03-09

• Processes are considered to be an explicitly-defined coordination of services to create a particular outcome

• There is a formal description of the relationship between the various services

• Coordination means that processes serve as a conductor to manage bigger services which are constituted from smaller services

Services and processes (2) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• BPM, by revealing the artefacts and the relationships between them, provides the necessary context (e.g. granularity) for the definition of services

• SOA provides recommendations for the implementation, execution and governance of services

• BPM+SOA enable flexible, explicit and executable models of an enterprise

Synergy between BPM and SOA – structuring relationships (1) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Each enterprise is a complex, dynamic, unique and “fractal” relationship between services and processes

• All processes are services

• Some operations of a service can be implemented as a process

• A process includes services in its implementation

Synergy between BPM and SOA (2) – structuring relationships 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work service process

• Classification of BPM artefacts

• defining services for their implementation

• A modelling procedure

• four-phase guidance to produce executable models

• diagramming style

• naming conventions

• several practical patterns

• Promotion of joint work between the business and the IT

• Quick iterations for building an operational prototype

Example – mutual structuring of processes and services 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Situation

• 30 different tools in use for electronic publishing

• Task

• Define criteria for the selection of a single tool

• Action

• Use a common business process modelling procedure

• Result (after several meetings)

• agreed list of services generated to act as selection criteria

Example – selection of a single tool 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Architecting for flexibility

• Versioning of everything

• Coordination of services via forms and processes

• Comprehensive and constant monitoring of services

Example – improving a complex production system (1) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Incremental transformation from typical inter-application data flows to end-to-end coordination of services

Example – improving a complex production system (2) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work Example – adding flexibility to an enterprise application 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work Before After Example – an e-Gov goal is to help partners work with the government (1) time But no local organisation wants to be responsible for the whole process instance 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work For example, a partner’s changes have to be declared in many governmental organisations Partner Organisation C Example – an e-Gov goal is to help partners work with the government (2) time Inter-organisation coordination capability by an e-Gov service 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work Partner Organisation B Organisation C

• Situation

• some “pieces of work” are being lost in a chain of applications

• ESB is not enough

• Task

• coach how to apply new technologies

• Action

• make the business process explicit

• mix BPM, BAM, BEM, CEP

Example – improving a core business application 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work Primary importance: the result of working together, but not individual exchanges ESB-centric view: only flow of data Process-centric view: both flow of control and flow of data

• Why do we need explicit coordination?

• better control and traceability

• better governance

• more predictable results

• better testability

• makes relationships explicit

• Coordination between

• enterprises, departments, people, systems, forms

• Note: special thanks to the events in BPMN

Use of business processes to make coordination explicit 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Q: Is an extra pool, e.g. “automated system” or “executable flow”, useful?

• A: Use a “coordination pool” to define “ How the job is done irrespective of Who performs the task”

Making coordination explicit (1) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Q: How many “coordination pools” should be used in any particular diagram: 0, only 1 or many?

• A: As many as necessary – coordination may not be centralized (e.g. like in an orchestra), but shared (e.g. like in a “Submission Interface” pattern)

Making coordination explicit (2) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work External participant Internal service

• An extra pool defines rules for coordination between independent parties (e.g. “Game as a process” – three coordination pools)

Making coordination explicit (3) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Q: Should the behavior of an external participant (e.g. a customer) be explicitly modelled?

• A: Yes, because it helps an enterprise understand how its customers see the enterprise and thus gives some ideas about how to improve customer experience 

• http://www.slideshare.net/Olbrich/process-experience-the-coffee-example-2103831

Making coordination explicit (4) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Different coordination logic:

• Template-based (or static coordination)

• Token-based (or dynamic coordination)

• Event-based (or non-structured coordination)

• Instance-based (or networked coordination)

• To illustrate the logic of instances, see the pattern SOS (from www.slideshare.net/samarin)

Making coordination explicit (5) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• BPM

• reveals the artefacts and their relationships

• provides an interface with the business

• SOA

• implementation, execution and monitoring of services

• evolution and governance of services

• EA

• organizes everything as an applied science

• BPM + SOA + EA

• improved understanding between the business and the IT

• explicit and executable models of an enterprise

• significant reduction of barriers for business agility

Synergy between BPM, SOA and EA 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• http://www.slideshare.net/samarin

• How to use BPMN for modelling business processes

• Animated patterns

• Submission Interface (SI)

• Synchronisation Of Sources (SOS)

• Blog http://improving-bpm-systems.blogspot.com/

• BPM reference model

• Book

Extra materials 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work Thank you!

• Contact information:

• Alexander Samarin

• [email_address]

• www.improving-BPM-systems.com

2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Template: 1, Instance: N –> classic workflows

• Template: 1, Instance: 1 –> projects, e.g. a personal vacation trip

• Template: 0, Instance: 1 –> plan as you go

Ratio between templates and instances 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Advanced Voting Solution pattern: many instances of the pool “VOTERS” for each instance of the pool “COOR”

Making coordination explicit (5) 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work

• Weak coordination vs. strong coordination

• Army, Research, Administration, Rock climbing, Sports team, Orchestra

• Coordination may change over time (e.g. a crisis situation)

• Important

• to anticipate correctly the level of coordination required for that process

• to implement this level using an appropriate coordination technique

• to provide a simple way to switch from one coordination technique to another (similar to changing gear as a function of the driving conditions)

Consider coordination 2010-03-09 Examples of BPM+SOA joint work