Contributed on June 14, 2016

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How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF

Description

A step by step guide in introducing Enterprise Architecture for large organizations, following ADM phases. Based on EntArchs experience.

Transcript

How to establish Enterprise Architecture
in large organisations using TOGAF
EntArchs
Agile Architecture Consulting
margo.cronin@entarchs.com
nemanja.kostic@entarchs.com
MARGO CRONIN
NEMANJA KOSTIC
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
STARTING POINT
EntArchs
Agile Architecture Consulting
COMMON METHODOLOGY
COMMON TOOLING
ARCHITECTURE REPOSITORY
FORMAL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEWS
COMMON MEANS FOR REUSE
REFERENCE ARCHITECTURES
TRACEABILITY
VALID APPLICATION INVENTORY
ARCHITECTURES DRIVEN BY TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCTS RATHER THAN BUSINESS STRATEGY
BUSINESS DRIVEN ENTEPRISE ARCHITECTURE
NO TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS
DUPLICATION OF ASSETS EVERYWHERE
What can you expect to find in organisations
WITHOUT mature Enterprise Architecture?
What can you expect to find in organisations
WITH mature Enterprise Architecture?
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
GARTNER’S ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE MATURITY
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Agile Architecture Consulting
Level 0:
None
Level 1: Initial Level 2:
Under
Development
Level 3: Defined Level 4: Managed Level 5:
Nirvana
No enterprise
architecture to
speak of.
Processes are ad
hoc and localized.
Minimal, or implicit
linkage to business
strategies.
Limited
management team
awareness or
involvement in the
architecture
process.
No explicit
governance of
architectural
standards.
Basic enterprise
architecture process is
documented.
IT vision, principles,
business linkages,
Baseline, and Target
Architecture are
identified.
Architecture standards
exist, but not necessarily
linked to Target
Architecture.
Governance of a few
architectural standards.
The architecture is well
defined and
communicated to IT
staff and business
management. The
process is largely
followed.
Enterprise architecture
is integrated with
capital planning and
investment control.
Senior management
team aware of and
supportive of the
enterprise-wide
architecture
process. Management
actively supports
architectural standards.
Architecture documents
updated regularly.
Enterprise architecture
process is part of the culture.
Enterprise architecture
documentation is updated on
a regular cycle
Business, Data, Application,
and Technology
Architectures
defined by appropriate
standards.
Senior management team
directly involved in the
architecture review process.
Explicit governance of all IT
investments.
All planned IT acquisitions
and purchases are guided
and governed by the
enterprise
architecture.
2014 -> present present -> future
E.G. THIS TRANSITION USUALLY
TAKES 12 MONTHS
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
ON A GOOD WAY
COMMON STANDARDS
COMMON GOVERNANCE
COMMON METHODOLOGY
TRACEABILITY ACROSS DOMAINS
ARCHITECTURAL REPOSITORY
FORMAL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEWS
COMMON TOOLING
COMMON MEANS FOR SHARING & REUSE
COMMUNITY OF PRACTICES ACROSS DOMAINS
REFERENCE ARCHITECTURES CREATED
END-TO-END TRACEABILITY (BUSINESS CAPABILITIES VIA APPLICATION TO TECHNOLOGY AND DATA)
VALID APPLICATION INVENTORY
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You are on a good way if you have achieved the following:
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
FUTURE STATE
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Where should you be?
YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DEVELOP THE CAPABILITY AND CREDIBILITY TO EVALUATE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
AND TO DRIVE DIGITAL BUSINESS STRATEGY FOR THE ORGANISATIONS.
In the fully mature organisa2ons, Enterprise Architects must:
Create a clear statement of how Enterprise Architecture can contribute to
digital business outcomes.
Link into exis2ng efforts or create innova1on programs to reach out and
collaborate with business groups in order to iden2fy areas that will impact
the business.
Create a process to iden1fy disrup1ve technologies likely to impact your
industry and organisa2on.
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
JOURNEY
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THE FOLLOWING SLIDES ARE NOT GOING TO TEACH YOU TOGAF.
THEY WILL SHOW YOU REAL WORLD IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES THAT
YOU CAN APPLY TO ALMOST ANY LARGE SCALE ORGANISATIONS.
WE WISH WE SAW THESE SLIDES BEFORE…
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
JOURNEY
IN THE FOLLOWING SLIDES WE’LL SHOW YOU A
SET OF PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
EACH OF THE ADM PHASES.
WE’LL ALSO SHOW YOU CHALLENGES WE FACED
IN EACH OF THE PHASES AS WELL AS SOLUTIONS
THAT WE USED TO RESOLVE THOSE CHALLENGES.
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Agile Architecture Consulting
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
PRELIMINARY PHASE
• OBTAIN C-LEVEL SUPPORT FOR THE GROUP WIDE ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE ACTIVITY
• SELECT A FRAMEWORK TO BE USED (WE CHOSE TOGAF ADM)
• CREATE A SET OF ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES TO BE SIGNED OFF AND MANDATED BY CIO. WE
CREATED 60 PRINCIPLES CATEGORISED AS:
‣ GUIDING PRINCIPLES
‣ ARCHITECTURE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
‣ BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES
‣ APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES
‣ DATA ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES
‣ TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES
‣ SECURITY ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES
• START EVALUATING WHAT TOOLS CAN BE REUSED FOR THE ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE ACTIVITY
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Recommendations
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
PRELIMINARY PHASE
• HOW TO SELL THE EA VALUE TO THE WIDER COMMUNITY?
‣ Develop a set of use cases to show what benefits Enterprise Architecture can bring to the
business in terms of cost savings, strategy execu2on, roadmaps development, impact
analysis etc.
• HOW TO ADOPT ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES?
‣ Include and engage as many people as possible in the process of crea2ng the principles.
Once they feel they contribute to them and own them, they can adopt them.
‣ Allocate 1me to iden2fy and sign-off the principles. Try to keep the number low (60 is a
lot!).
• HOW TO SELECT RIGHT TOOLS?
‣ Look internally first to what can be reused or integrated with. That way lots of internal
poli2cs and big egos are removed of the table.
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Challenges & Solutions
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
ARCHITECTURE VISION
• DEFINE SCOPE OF ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE TO COVER THE WHOLE GROUP,
NOT JUST INDIVIDUAL BUSINESS UNITS OR INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER
SEGMENTS. ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE CAN BRING VALUE ONLY IF IT IS THE
OVERARCHING ENTITY.
• CREATE GOVERNANCE BODIES THAT WILL HELP YOU CARRY OUT ENTERPRISE
ARCHITECTURE ACTIVITIES:
‣ APPLICATION/BUSINESS/DATA/TECHNOLOGY COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE WHERE
ALL THE PRACTITIONERS FROM THAT DOMAIN ARE PARTICIPATING (KNOWLEDGE
SHARING, EVOLUTION OF ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE ARTEFACTS, ETC.)
‣ CROSS-DOMAIN DIALOGUES WHERE SELECTED REPRESENTATIVES FROM EACH
DOMAIN ARE PARTICIPATING (BETTER COORDINATION BETWEEN DOMAINS)
‣ ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE GOVERNANCE BODY WHERE THE HEADS OF IT ARE
PARTICIPATING (EXCEPTIONS, ESCALATIONS, APPROVALS)
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Recommendations
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
ARCHITECTURE VISION
• HOW TO ESTABLISH COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE (COP)?
‣ Use collabora1on tools extensively as the knowledge sharing plaMorm.
‣ Organise monthly mee1ngs/calls with the CoP members to share ideas, present
new projects, get insights into what other business units are doing, seek for help.
• CARROT VS STICK?
‣ Use both!
‣ Central EA group should be a glue between other units and a funnel where ideas
are explored and shared.
‣ But integrate EA governance into Project Management, Procurement, Sourcing
and other internal processes to make sure principles/standards/reference
architectures are followed and implemented.
EntArchs
Agile Architecture Consulting
Challenges & Solutions
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE
• HIRE BUSINESS ARCHITECTS! IT’S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO CREATE BUSINESS
SERVICES, CAPABILITIES AND PROCESSES WITHOUT INVOLVEMENT OF
BUSINESS ARCHITECTS WHO UNDERSTAND THE DOMAIN.
• TAILOR META-MODEL TO FIT YOUR ORGANISATION.
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Recommendations
IN OUR EXPERIENCE, EXPECT THE HEAVIEST
TAILORING OF THE BUSINESS DOMAIN META-
MODEL!
ALLOCATE A LOT OF TIME.
USE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP CAPABILITY
AND PROCESS FRAMEWORKS IF THEY DON’T
EXIST ALREADY.
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE
• BUSINESS AND IT WORKING IN ISOLATION
‣ Don’t let business architects working in isola1on. They need to see the big
picture and to realise how business pieces fit with IT pieces. It’s all part of the
same puzzle.
‣ Start early with connec2ng business process and applica2on systems! It
creates a posi2ve feedback loop to the business with the possibility to
op2mise processes.
• AS-IS VS TO-BE
‣ Always start with As-Is capabili2es & processes. Create To-Be business
architecture once the priori2es are established. Op2misa2on possibili2es of
As-Is architecture can influence To-Be architecture.
‣ Allow enough 1me to build capability and process frameworks.
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Agile Architecture Consulting
Challenges & Solutions
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
INFORMATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
• IDENTIFY ARCHITECTURE & SOLUTION BUILDING BLOCKS IN YOUR
APPLICATION DOMAIN. FIRST FOCUS ON THOSE APPLICATIONS & DATA THAT
DELIVER CRITICAL BUSINESS CAPABILITIES.
• CATEGORISE THEM PER SYSTEMS OF RECORD, ENGAGEMENT, UTILITY AND
INSIGHT. USE AGILITY QUADRANT TO DETERMINE BUSINESS AND
TECHNOLOGY AGILITY.
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Recommendations
See EntArchs Agility Quadrant
for the detailed explanation of
the diagram.
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
INFORMATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
• META-MODEL TAILORING?
‣ Use basic TOGAF meta-model if you already have internal systems that capture
applica2on and data a[ributes. Don’t duplicate a_ributes.
‣ If you are star2ng green-field, start capturing smaller set of applica2on & data
a[ributes and then gradually grow. In extreme cases, physical applica2on
component can have over 500 a[ributes! Manage your stakeholder
expecta2ons, add only those a[ributes that are absolutely needed to start with.
• WHEN IS THE WORK DONE?
‣ The biggest challenge in iden2fying Physical Applica2on Components is that
there are just too many of them! Large companies can easily have over 5.000
different internal applica2ons. Focus on big ones where the TCO is high. Use
Pareto 80/20 Principle – “capture 20% of applica2ons that deliver 80% of
capabili2es”.
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Agile Architecture Consulting
Challenges & Solutions
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE
• CATEGORISE PRODUCTS IN LOGICAL AND PHYSICAL TECHNOLOGY
COMPONENTS.
• IN OUR EXPERIENCE THE TOGAF ENTITIES MAY NOT BE ENOUGH TO CAPTURE
THE COMPLEXITY OF YOUR ENVIRONMENT, USE PHYSICAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUPS TO CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY STACKS.
• TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE NEEDS TO DRIVE YOUR STANDARDISATION
ROADMAP. MAKE SURE THERE IS TIGHT INTEGRATION WITH INFORMATION
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SO THAT THE APPLICATION & TECHNOLOGY
ROADMAPS ARE IN SYNC.
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Agile Architecture Consulting
Recommendations
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE
• TO WHAT LEVEL OF GRANULARITY DO YOU DEFINE?
‣ Technology is typically well defined in an organisation, but the level of
detail can complicate a meta-model (OS versioning, Prog. Lang.
versioning). In contract an organisation can also have PaaS, SaaS,
IaaS based solutions.
• HOW DO YOU MODEL SAAS, PAAS, IAAS?
‣ We recommend creating “Physical Technology Component Group” that
represented a stack of technologies. It makes reporting easier and
enables modelling of the “lowest common denominator”. These
PTCG’s can be used to create technology standards to govern
against.
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Challenges & Solutions
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
OPPORTUNITIES & SOLUTIONS
• THE BIGGEST QUESTION IS: HOW TO IMPLEMENT ARCHITECTURE REPOSITORY
EFFICIENTLY?
• MOST IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ARCHITECTURE REPOSITORY:
1. CUSTOMISABLE META-MODEL
2. SIMPLE & EASY TO USE
3. GOOD REPORTING/DASHBOARD FUNCTIONALITY
• ALWAYS LOOK TO REUSE INTERNAL TOOLS AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE (HELPS
WITH AVOIDING INTERNAL POLITICS).
• IF THERE ARE NO INTERNAL TOOLS (OR NO INTERNAL POLITICS TO DEAL WITH)
GO WITH MARKET LEADERS SUCH AS ORBUS ISERVER.
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How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
OPPORTUNITIES & SOLUTIONS
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Agile Architecture Consulting
An example of Architecture Repository composed of internal tools
using EntArchs dashboard.
• REUSE INTERNAL TOOLS IN YOUR
ORGANISATION.
• ENTARCHS BUILT THEIR OWN
DASHBOARD (AS THE PICTURE ON
THE RIGHT SHOWS) ON TOP OF ALL
OF THOSE INTERNAL TOOLS TO BE
AS SIMPLE AND USABLE FOR YOUR
STAKEHOLDERS AS POSSIBLE.
• DON’T ADD ANY NEW BUSINESS
LOGIC BUT INTEGRATE WITH THE
BACKEND SYSTEMS VIA REST API’S
OR SIMILAR PROTOCOL.
• CONTACT ENTARCHS FOR
INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO USE
THIS OPEN-SOURCE SOLUTION FOR
YOUR NEEDS.
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
OPPORTUNITIES & SOLUTIONS
EntArchs
Agile Architecture Consulting
An example of Architecture Repository composed of internal tools
using EntArchs dashboard.
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
MIGRATION PLANNING
• GETTING ALL OF THE STAKEHOLDERS (ARCHITECTS, BUSINESS, IT OWNERS) TO
ADOPT YOUR NEW METHODOLOGY IS A CHALLENGING TASK THAT REQUIRES
CAREFUL PLANNING.
• NEVER GO WITH BIG-BANG APPROACH, RATHER WITH SMALL STEPS:
1. SHOW THEM VALUE THAT YOUR METHODOLOGY BRINGS
2. EDUCATE THEM IN TOOLS THAT YOU ARE IMPLEMENTING
3. DO THE WORK FOR THEM INITIALLY
4. INCLUDE THEM IN THE GOVERNANCE PROCESS
5. LET THEM SEE THE BENEFITS (USE CASES)
6. LISTEN TO THEIR FEEDBACK AND IMPLEMENT SUGGESTIONS
7. LET THEM BE PART OF THE METHODOLOGY
• MIGRATING STAKEHOLDERS TO A NEW METHOD TAKES TIME.
• COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY! USE INTERNAL COLLABORATION TOOL TO
CONNECT TO YOUR STAKEHOLDERS, TO NOTIFY THEM ABOUT CHANGES, TO
PUBLISH NEWS ETC.
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Agile Architecture Consulting
Recommendations
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
IMPLEMENTATION GOVERNANCE
• DOCUMENT THE GOVERNANCE PROCESS AND MAKE IT MANDATORY FOR
EVERYONE.
• TIGHTLY INTEGRATE GOVERNANCE PROCESS INTO OTHER COMPANY
PROCESSES – PROJECT MANAGEMENT, PROCUREMENT, SOURCING.
• MONITOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOVERNANCE VIA ARCHITECTURE
REVIEW BOARDS.
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Agile Architecture Consulting
Recommendations
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
CHANGE MANAGEMENT
• MOST CHANGES WILL COME DURING THE MIGRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
PHASE.
• MOST CHANGES WILL REQUIRE META-MODEL MODIFICATIONS. NEW ENTITIES,
ATTRIBUTES AND RELATIONSHIPS WILL BE REQUESTED. BEING ABLE TO EXTEND
META-MODEL BY YOURSELF (WITHOUT INVOLVING A VENDOR) IS CRUCIAL!
• START WITH THE MINIMAL SET OF ENTITIES AND ATTRIBUTES IN YOUR META-
MODEL AND LET IT GROW. IT’S EASIER TO ADD NEW THINGS IN THE META-
MODEL THAN TO TAKE IT OUT LATER ON.
• REPORTS WILL REQUIRE LOTS OF CHANGES AS WELL. DIFFERENT
STAKEHOLDERS HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWPOINTS AND WILL REQUEST DIFFERENT
REPORTS (VIEWS).
• USE INTERNAL COLLABORATION TOOLS TO CAPTURE THE CHANGE REQUESTS.
USE FORUM FUNCTIONALITY TO GIVE USERS POSSIBILITY TO DISCUSS THE
CHANGE.
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Agile Architecture Consulting
Recommendations
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT
• USE INTERNAL COLLABORATION OR REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT TOOL TO
MANAGE ALL THE REQUIREMENTS.
• TRY TO BE AGILE AND PRIORITISE REQUIREMENTS IN THE BACKLOG.
• DO 2 WEEK SPRINTS TO SHOW RESULTS AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE (VERIFY USE
CASE,DEVELOP NEW REPORTS, INCLUDE NEW ATTRIBUTE IN META-MODEL
ETC.)
EntArchs
Agile Architecture Consulting
Recommendations
How to establish Enterprise Architecture in large organisations using TOGAF
THANK YOU!
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Agile Architecture Consulting
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